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The work covers the main approaches of the regional and global actors to Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, particularly those mediator countries which are involved in the settlement of the conflict. The long-term strategies and the policy carried out by both parties to the conflict (on the one hand the Republic of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and on the other hand the Azerbaijan Republic) are scrutinized. It is mentioned that Karabakh conflict is not an exception among other analogous ethno-political conflicts and it coincides with the logic of the global processes on the creation of the new states and state formations.

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Mediators’ activities over peaceful resolution of the conflict around Nagorno-Karabakh, which from the perspectives of international law would be properly labeled as an “unresolved problem of legality of de-facto independent sovereignty”, have recently attained more practical orientation. In their statements, parties involved in negotiation process, are repeatedly talking about returning territories around NKAO, which are currently under control of Armenian military forces. And the next step, according to the mediators, is a deployment of peacekeeping forces around Nagorno-Karabakh.

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In this article, based on historical and statistical data, the demographic changes in Nagorno-Karabakh since the beginning of the 18th century are presented. Among the main factors which favoured the reduction of the Armenian population the military conflicts as well as the policy of the central authorities of Azerbaijan are mentioned. The demographics of Stepanakert and Shushi are presented separately. The ethnic composition, the thickness and natural population upsurge data in the period before 1988 is of particular interest.
Despite the fact that the political and social-economic situation in the NKR influenced the demographic situation positively, there are still many unsolved problems which have an adverse effect on the structure of the settlement system as a factor of the social and economic development of Nagorno-Karabakh.

Dmintri Sanoyan, Alek D. Epstein

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Hrachya Arzumanian

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